Culture, for a cultural-studies researcher, not only includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups)[50] and popular culture, but also everyday meanings and practices. originally meant the cultivation of the soul or mind, acquires most of its later modern meaning in the writings of the 18th-century German thinkers, who were on various levels developing Rousseau's criticism of "modern liberalism and Enlightenment." Self-sufficiency and value independence, and placement of self-interest over collective interest. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that These communicators represent what kind of culture? Societies that have small power distance possess the following features: Participative or consultative style of management; Decision-making responsibility and authority decentralized; Questioning the authority and lack of acceptance; Tolerance toward differing opinions and behaviors. c. Military Manual." Hi, I'm Happy Sharer and I love sharing interesting and useful knowledge with others. In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism such as Stuart Hall (19322014) and Raymond Williams (19211988) developed cultural studies. Virtuous behavior involves treatment meted out to others in a similar manner as one prefers to be treated oneself. Members of ingroups usually share many characteristics and experiences. This page was last edited on 20 April 2023, at 12:57. (a) Bias is \qquad (c) freedom from the fear of punishment. Yolanda has taught college Psychology and Ethics, and has a doctorate of philosophy in counselor education and supervision. Write each sentence in the space provided. What should he do when citing numbers in the contract? Confrontation is accepted as an attribute. culture? Organizations that have a number of standardized procedures, written rules, and clearly delineated structures; Requirement for predictability highlighting the significance of planning; Promotions depending upon age or seniority. Which statement about the effect of social media and communication technology on culture is most accurate? "[30] According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. Because members of a low-context culture such as Germany consider words in contracts to be precise, important, and constant, they view contracts differently than will members of high-context cultures like Mexico, Greece, and Japan. A low-context culture is a culture in which people communicate explicitly. "[27], In practice, culture referred to an elite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. Such perspectives are common in the discipline of cultural studies. His employees are continually late to work and it is affecting appointment workflow. The dimensions collectively portray the impact of the culture ingrained in society on the values of the members of that society. a. from the free trade provided by the Trans-Pacific Partnership? Solved > 31. Every country has a unique culture:1275997 | ScholarOn Which of the following countries would be considered individualistic cultures: Which of the following countries would be considered low-context cultures: The degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous . c.Ethnocentrism causes us to judge others by our own values. d. Culture is dynamic., Which country represents a high-context culture? Which communication technology is used by companies today? increasing levels of management. After you have finished with this lesson, you should be able to: 10 chapters | [63] Cultural lenses may also make people view the same outcome of events differently. According to Bastian, all human societies share a set of "elementary ideas" (Elementargedanken); different cultures, or different "folk ideas" (Vlkergedanken), are local modifications of the elementary ideas. Ethnocentrism causes us to judge others by our own values. From the 1970s onward, Stuart Hall's pioneering work, along with that of his colleagues Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie, created an international intellectual movement. These include expressive forms like art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies like tool usage, cooking, shelter, and clothing. These variables include gender egalitarianism, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, and human orientation. Workers today communicate less than in previous years. He noted that in Japan, it is important to take the time to build relationships with colleagues and clients, as this can greatly influence business outcomes. basis of their. High-context cultures are those in which the rules of communication are primarily transmitted through the use of contextual elements (i.e., body language, a person's status, and tone of voice) and . Coye, N. dir. Collectivism I: (Institutional) The degree to which organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action. On the one hand, this can be physical impact on individual objects or the destruction caused by increasing environmental pollution and, on the other hand, socio-cultural effects on society. Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. In 2004, its first comprehensive volume on "Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies" was published, based on results from about 17,300 middle managers from 951 organizations in the food processing, financial services, and telecommunications services industries. This article will explore which of the following countries represents a high context culture, taking Japan as an example. Trust must be developed before business transactions can begin. Assertiveness: The degree to which individuals are assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in their relationships with others. China Explanation- High context culture countries are those where most of the people are highly educated and they follow certain norms and rituals and they b. "[11] Terror management theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the basis for perceiving themselves as "person[s] of worth within the world of meaning"raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain. Which word would be, To prevent reactions due to language usage, Peter should probably use "layoff" to describe his company's need to let go of employees. Chinese social culture avoids direct communication because it can be socially awkward and uncomfortable. In the context of cultural studies, a text includes not only written language, but also films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles: the texts of cultural studies comprise all the meaningful artifacts of culture. is created by a structured educational system. [3] Cultures are internally affected by both forces encouraging change and forces resisting change. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. a. Businesses today generate a wide range of messages using a variety of media. Every social organization has its prototype in the family. Following nineteenth-century Romantics, they identified culture with consumption goods and leisure activities (such as art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing). Culture combines the visible and invisible. Answer: d. business ethics. 31. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures. Additionally, the language provides clues to its high context nature, and family and community play an important role in shaping the culture. \underline{\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad}\\ \underline{\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad} All of the following have been victims of trademark trolling in ", "a particular way of life, whether of a people, period or a group. 1) Which of the following countries is considered a high-context culture? Furthermore, cultural norms such as politeness, humility, and respect for authority are deeply ingrained in the culture. This view paved the way for the modern understanding of religion. promoting from within. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. Gerold Keusch "Kulturschutz in der ra der Identittskriege" In: Truppendienst - Magazin des sterreichischen Bundesheeres, October 24, 2018. Writing is a skill set used only by managers and corporate executives. Which of the following is an example of an export control? This view comes through in the book Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman (by Paul du Gay et al. answer choices reflect unfamiliar or unclear words that his audience might not understand. [31] In the process, he redefined culture as a diverse set of activities characteristic of all human societies. Feminist cultural analyst, theorist, and art historian Griselda Pollock contributed to cultural studies from viewpoints of art history and psychoanalysis.
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