Cartledge comments: One particularly striking instance of this displaced or surrogate fathering was the institution of ritualized pederasty. These monarchs were particularly powerful when one of them led the army on campaign. We want people all over the world to learn about history. PUBLISHED 7:07 AM ET Apr. Sparta's history has fascinated intellectuals from Plato until today and inspired great leaders such as Frederick the Great and Napoleon. In 425 the picture was bleak for Sparta, which began to sue for peace. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Madden said the city was able to stay below New York's property tax cap, and said his . With your support millions of people learn about history entirely for free, every month. (18.1). Sparta's focus as a city-state was military. The result of the conflict was the 'King's Peace' where Sparta ceded her empire (for which she in any case lacked the necessary bureaucratic apparatus to manage properly) to Persian control but Sparta was left to dominate Greece. Finally, in the spring of 431, a Spartan ally, Thebes, attacked an Athenian ally, Plataea, and open war began. As in antiquity, it is served by the small port of Githion (Ythion), 28 miles (45 km) southeast, to which it is linked by a paved road. The Spartans spoke Greek. Girls . Unlike other Greek city-states, Sparta was exceptional in its socio-political stability, Hodkinson says. Help our mission to provide free history education to the world! Although a Spartan woman did not have much to do with the day-to-day raising of their sons, boys were still expected to recognize and honor their mothers through displays of courage, skill, and military victory. At the age of seven, boys left home to begin training at a military academy called an agoge (a-go-je). He commissions the larger ones to fetch wood, and the smaller ones potherbs. Sparta believed that a good citizen was someone who could protect the city-state, so education focused on military training. The Battle of Salamis (480 BCE), one of the battles in the Greco-Persian Wars, revealed the magnitude of Athenian naval power and set in motion the deadly struggle between the two powers. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Sparta (7-4) took . Sparta decided to retaliate. The Spartan hoplite army, however, showed the rest of Greece the way forward towards a greater military professionalism and considering the iconic image of fearless and disciplined hoplites with red cloaks and lambda-emblazoned shields, for the Greeks, admiring Romans and even 21st century film-goers, this is Sparta. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Xenophon, a philosopher and historian who lived from the late 400s to mid-300s B.C., noted that one purpose was to keep them slim, which Lycurgus, the founder of the Spartan system, believed would make them grow taller. Lycurgus reforms were comprehensive, including every aspect of the peoples lives, and, as he had mandated from the start, were not committed to writing; the laws would be kept in the peoples hearts because they would know these precepts led to the best possible society. A substitute teacher, 24, had tried to intervene and . Sparta thus came to control some 8,500 km of territory making the polis or city-state the largest in Greece and a major player in Greek politics. Similarities and Differences between Spartan and Athenian society - All Even lower than the conquered population was a group called the helots. To toughen them up even more, Spartan boys were compelled to go barefoot and seldom bathed or used ointments, so that their skin became hard and dry, Plutarch wrote. Male Spartan citizens were allowed only one occupation: soldier. The Athenian alliance was, in fact, an empire that included most of the island and coastal states around the northern and eastern shores of the Aegean Sea. To others, the Spartans are a repugnant people brutish, cruel, one-dimensional proto-totalitarians. A peculiar feature of the Spartans and their military was the great importance given to matters of religion. Spartan girls participated in the same physical fitness routines as the boys when young, even training with them at first, and were then educated in reading, writing, and mousike ("music") a term which included singing, dance, playing a musical instrument, and composing poetry. In the Corinthian War (395387) Sparta had two land victories over Athenian allied states and a severe naval defeat at Cnidus by a combined Athenian and Persian fleet. Participation by Spartan males in the agoge (pronounced ah-go-GAY in ancient Greek and ah-GOJ-uh in modern English) was mandatory. The Spartans settled the area of the Peloponnese in the valley of Laconia at some point in the 10th century BCE, and later displacing an indigenous people the perioikoi and the helots who were then subjugated. The agoge was the ancient Spartan education program, which trained male youths in the art of war. A Spartan woman saying goodbye to her young son who is going off to war. Epaminondas' Echelon formation in the Battle of Leuctra. Sparta Economy and Trade - Study.com Soldiers were trained as hoplites, or heavily armed foot soldiers. Helots were responsible for agricultural duties and other day-to-day tasks that supported the Spartans. Sparta was known as possibly the strongest city-state in all of Greece, and are still one of the most feared military squads in history. Michigan State's A.J. Hoggard declares for NBA Draft Aided by a force of Spartans, Syracuse was able to break an Athenian blockade. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The fighting engulfed virtually the entire Greek world, and it was properly regarded by Thucydides, whose contemporary account of it is considered to be among the world's finest . This was meant to prepare them for life in the army. Democracy was overthrown by the oligarchical party, which was in turn replaced by the more moderate regime of the Five Thousand. Quiz & Worksheet - Daily Life in Ancient Athens & Sparta | Study.com The treaty stated that Athens and Sparta would defend each other for the next 50 years. Spartan culture was centered on loyalty to the state and military service. Known as the Agoge, the system emphasized duty, discipline and endurance. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. A small commercial and industrial centre of the European plain, the city trades in citrus fruits and olive oil. In What Way Was Spartan Government Like An Oligarchy Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon, was an ancient Greek city-state located primarily in a region of southern Greece called Laconia.
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