University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Law, Vietnam. Research has mainly indicated that students emotional experiences are mainly dependent on teachers pedagogical approach. Psychol. doi: 10.1080/0144929X.2013.832383, Li, J.-B., Lau, J. T. F., Mo, P. K. H., Su, X.-F., Tang, J., Qin, Z.-G., et al. Zareen, N., Karim, N., and Khan, U. The data were collected with the help of a questionnaire designed for gathering the students' opinions about the digital technologies and social media. Citation2012). doi: 10.1080/07370016.2014.926677, Wang, P., Wang, X., Wu, Y., Xie, X., Wang, X., Zhao, F., et al. This study discusses how social media helps students of higher education. Figure 2. Finally, as Alahmar (2016) described, social media exposes people especially the young generation to new exciting activities and events that may attract them and keep them engaged in different media contexts for hours just passing their time. The results revealed that the digital technologies and social networking sites have negative impact on students' studying and habits. Student motivation is an important factor that enhances student engagement (Martin Citation2007) and creativity (Hennessey Citation2015; Malik et al. On the other hand, it should be noted that by feeling positive, learners might take full advantage of the affordances of the social media and; thus, be able to follow their learning goals strategically. On an individual level, social media is used by students for personal and social use; some researchers question whether implementing social media in academic course will serve as a supplement to learning or will create a structural shift in the way students learn (Tess, 2013). Then, this good or bad mood is easily shared with others in a flash through the social media. They may want to know more about the actual effects of the over-reliance on and the excessive (and actually obsessive) use of social media on students developing certain images of self and certain emotions which are not necessarily positive. The findings of this study shed insight on how students use on-line social networking sites, the time spent and the kind of information sought. Psychol. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.043, Keywords: affective variables, education, emotions, social media, post-pandemic, emotional needs, Citation: Chen M and Xiao X (2022) The effect of social media on the development of students affective variables. Astin (Citation1984, 297) initially presented the concept of student engagement as the amount of physical and psychological energy that the student devotes to the academic experience. J. Individ. However still, we believe that a longitudinal research design or an experimental laboratory study may enhance the validity of testing our model. (2015). Intrinsic motivation is positively associated with student outcomes (Bempechat and Shernoff Citation2012; Saeed and Zyngier Citation2012). Technol. Social Media have many serious problems and lead to significant issues for students, especially regarding their privacy or security, and cause distraction of studies. Innovative research methods, case studies or else, can be used to further explore the causal relations among the different features of social media use and the development of different affective variables in teachers or learners. These researchers found that increased investment in social media predicted higher depression in adolescent students, which was a function of the effect of higher levels of disrupted sleep. Whether trust in the safety of vaccines, trust in the necessity of lockdown measures, or trust in the very existence of the pandemic itself, successfully addressing the crisis has hinged on public confidence in government decisions. Facebook's rollout had a larger effect on women's mental health than on men's mental health, the study showed. Therefore, we hypothesised that; H3a: Cyberbullying moderates the relationship between student use of social media and their intrinsic motivation., H3b: The is a moderating role of cyberbullying on the association between students use of social media and academic engagement through intrinsic motivation, H3b: The is a moderating role of cyberbullying on the association between students use of social media and student creativity through intrinsic motivation. Researchers believe that with the rapid growth of social media usage, cyberbullying has been increased, which results in severe psychological problems among the victims (Donoghue and Meltzer Citation2018; Olenik-Shemesh and Heiman Citation2017). Front. This is possible as researchers, for instance, Raskauskas and Stoltz (Citation2007) suggested that bullies are involved in harassment, mocking, and threatening behaviour, which may harm the intrinsic motivation of a student resulting in less engagement and creativity at his his/her part. (2014). However, membership in many of these networks may end in the mere waste of the time that could otherwise be spent on actual on-campus cooperative projects. Deng, Wang, and Zhao (Citation2016), argued that environmental factors affect individuals creativity. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Technology, risk and decision-making: are we asking the right questions Research studies argue that cyberbullying negatively affects individuals outcomes (Kowalski et al. Exhibition of student works explores social impact of architecture Pers. Raising learners awareness of this fact that individuals should develop their own path of development for learning, and not build their development based on unrealistic comparison of their competences with those of others, can help them consider positive values for their activities on social media and, thus, experience positive emotions. Tracking effects of problematic social networking on adolescent psychopathology: The mediating role of sleep disruptions. Our findings should be seen in the light of its limitations. (2020) provided a systematic review of the effect of social media on young and teenage students depression, psychological distress, and anxiety. Yet, probably students need to be instructed on how to take advantage of the media and to be the least affected negatively by its occasional superficial and unrepresentative content. Aus. The higher education population was also studied by Iwamoto and Chun (2020). Behav. (Citation2007). Similarly, governments can play a prominent and significant role in reducing the amount and frequency of cyberbullying. doi: 10.1353/jip.2015.0013, Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). Concerning the negative effects of social media on students psychology, it can be argued that individuals may fail to understand that the content presented in social media is usually changed to only represent the attractive aspects of peoples lives, showing an unrealistic image of things. Therefore, the students who are the victims of cyberbullying are supposed to be less motivated, less engaged in study, and less creative. The survey questionnaire was administered to students at NIT, Tanzania. (2018) showed that addiction to social networking sites was correlated positively with depression, and this correlation was mediated by rumination. Third, future researchers can explore other ultimate outcomes of social media usage by students, such as well-being and career exploration. Part ii consists of 15 questions that sought to investigate the influence of social media on social behavior. Fernyhough, C. (2008). Why Conduct Social Media Surveys? As already raised in some works of research reviewed, the different patterns of impacts of social media on student life depend largely on the educational context. Neira, B. C. J., and Barber, B. L. (2014). doi: 10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851, Ley, B., Ogonowski, C., Hess, J., Reichling, T., Wan, L., and Wulf, V. (2014). Therefore, we found it useful to summarize the research findings in recent years in this respect. The most salient risk factors of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression based on the systematic review were activities such as repeated checking for messages, personal investment, the time spent on social media, and problematic or addictive use. Results of confirmatory factor analysis. The results of research show that in this digital age, social media utilisation by students is an essential driver of creativity and engagement in academic activities. Communicating information from the school to parents. Rev. For example, students self-efficacy may be one reason why students utilisation of social media is allied with positive results in academia. Social involvement theory (Astin Citation1984) supports our assumption as this theory suggests that there are social factors that increase the involvement of individuals in their work by increasing their interest in that work. facebook snapchat instagram twitter pinterest tumblr Other (please specify) 2. Researchers have argued that social media utilisation increases the students cognitive and creative abilities (Holdgaard and Klastrup Citation2014; Hu et al. College students in distress: Can social media be a source of social support? Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: How social media use is related to student engagement and creativity: investigating through the lens of intrinsic motivation, a University of Waikato Joint Institute (NZUWI), Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Peoples Republic of China;b School of Accounting, Finance & Economics (SAFE), Waikato Management School, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, c Institute of Business Management and Administrative Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Social Media for Knowledge-Sharing: A Systematic Literature Review, A Model of Factors Affecting Learning Performance Through the use of Social Media in Malaysian Higher Education, The Impact of Social Media use on Academic Performance among University Students: A Pilot Study, How Cyber Stalking and Cyber Bullying Affect Students Open Learning, Linking Dimensions of Social Media use to job Performance: The Role of Social Capital, The Development of STEAM Educational Policy to Promote Student Creativity and Social Empowerment, Factors Affecting Student Engagement in HEIs-it is all About Good Teaching. (2017) explored change in negative investment in social networking in relation to change in depression and externalizing behavior. Topicality and impact in social media: Diverse messages, focused messengers. Values in bold and italic are square root of AVEs. To measure student engagement we used a six-item scale developed by Stearns et al. (2018). At higher education, students needs are more life-like. Psychol. Zhang, R. (2017). Students Experiences of Bullying in High School and Their Adjustment and Motivation During the First Semester of College, Social Media and Education: Reconceptualizing the Boundaries of Formal and Informal Learning, Perceived Autonomy Support, Intrinsic Motivation, and Student Ratings of Instruction, Supervisory Styles and Graduate Student Creativity: the Mediating Roles of Creative Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation, An Updated and Expanded Assessment of PLS-SEM in Information Systems Research, Examining Factors Associated with Intrinsic Motivation in Physical Education: a Qualitative Approach, Intrinsic Motivation, External Reward, and Their Effect on Overall Motivation and Performance, If I Were Secretary of Education: A Focus on Intrinsic Motivation and Creativity in the Classroom, Cultivating Youth Resilience to Prevent Bullying and Cyberbullying Victimization, Between Control and Creativity: Challenging co-Creation and Social Media use in a Museum Context, The Moderating Role of Social Media Usage in the Relationship among Multicultural Experiences, Cultural Intelligence, and Individual Creativity, Teachers Conceptions of Student Creativity in Higher Education, When is Creativity? The intrinsic motivation of our students was measured with a four-item scale developed by Jaramillo et al. The theories of motivation guide that the external factors affect individuals intrinsic motivation for learning (Garske and Arkes Citation1982; McAuley, Duncan, and Tammen Citation1989). To analyse the conditional indirect effects of students use of social media on student engagement and student creativity through students intrinsic motivation, we examined Cyberbullying across the levels (i.e. The impact of social media on students' social interaction Students should be careful of bullies and their negative role and impact during academic activities in social media. Our study has found that cyberbullying can harm the positive utility of social media on learners outcomes. The goal of social media is to create an online community that shares . Tools like bully tracer software and other similar practices can also be used to avoid cyberbullying when using social media for academic purposes. That is changing as scientists find new tools to answer the question. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Course content is relevant to a wide variety of student interests, including the social and natural sciences, business and economics, legal issues, the humanities, etc. Thus, the same research designs with the same academic grade students and even the same age groups can lead to different findings concerning the effects of social media on student psychology in different countries. For example, our study used the cross-sectional research design, which has a threat of common method variance (CMV). J. Soc. doi: 10.1177/0894439314567449. A number of studies (with general research populations not necessarily students) showed that social networks have facilitated the way of staying in touch with family and friends living far away as well as an increased social support (Zhang, 2017). Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. (Citation2017). More specifically, students affective variables might self-organize into different states under the influence of social media. A Theory of social comparison processes. In our model, we take student use of social media as a factor that boosts student intrinsic motivation to learn, therefore, facilitating his/her engagement and creativity. Social networking sites addiction and adolescent depression: A moderated mediation model of rumination and self-esteem.
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