(2010). doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Bolderdijk, J. W., and Jans, L. (2021). Itslike in the Milgramstudies in which people were less In a country whose history has been shaped by the boundaries among racial groups, this projected demographic shift is undoubtedly important. Provide examples. This helps puncture a hole in the illusion of unanimity and loosens the pressure to conform. Does brainwashing really exist and how has it been used? It remained consistently high over time. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1996.tb01088.x, Tanford, S., and Penrod, S. (1984). Front. And heres our email: letters@nytimes.com. Econometrica 47, 263291. These circumstances cannot be easily organized in a unifying model within either the information processing (persuasion) framework (but see Martin and Hewstone, 2008) or the interacting group framework, much less under an omnibus framework. Social influence in groups, in APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. Echterhoff, G., and Higgins, T. E. (2017). WebThis article attempts to highlight the Uzbek-Afghan cooperation, consistently reveals a retrospective of the issue, but the main focus is on the deve- lopment of relations between states after 1992, when diplomatic relations were Sindhi Muslims had a much larger majority of about seventy-4 percent. A. Minority influence theory, in Handbook of Theories in Social Psychology. The country broadened the definition of white people enough to maintain power over African Americans and Asian people (and later Hispanics). Kahneman, D., and Tversky, A. A final observation regarding minority influence is that, after being successfully persuaded by a minority, people tend to forget the origins of their new views. Psychol. eds. 13:911654. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911654. doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(86)90022-3. Early research into the ability of minority influence to affect a groups attitudes and behavior was conducted by social psychologist, Serge Moscovici. The effects of majority size on minority influence. c. public compliance. This state of affairs is unfortunate as time variable is of essence in understanding how minorities go about effecting social change. So a 51 percent pan-minority share is unlikely to yield any new majority status without a new pan-ethnic sense of community. WebThe study of minority influence has advanced considerably since the late 1960s when Moscovici's pioneering efforts brought the minority's role in the process of persuasion For example, minorities motivated to be socially validated and those motivated to gain social control are likely to pursue social change seeking converts to their position to transform themselves to a majority (minority majority). Lateral attitude change. A. Around the turn of the 20th century, American leaders began to recognize the accumulating effects of immigration and civil rights. One of the reasons that minority influence takes hold is because it goes beyond superficial thinking. When a minority opinion is introduced, people are more They map on the reasons discussed earlier for strapping minority influence research in the Procrustean bed of the cognitive processing approach, which, along with serious logistic challenges, effectively eliminated time as a variable in this line of research. De Dreu, C. K. W., and West, M. A. Levine, J. M., and Tindale, R. S. (2015). Today, of course, being Irish is a social boundary mostly reduced to the front of Urban Outfitters T-shirts. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Whereas turning opponents to supporters appeared to make successful minorities smarter, successfully retaining initially won support did not affect successful majoritys persuasibility. 88, 438453. eds. Yet, the informational strategy could be used differently to emphasize common group identity (social acceptance) or quid pro quo (social control) by acceptance-motivated and control-motivated minorities, respectively. It was this insight into the role of minorities that made Moscovici a luminary in social psychology. Bull. Lest we succumb to the same trap, it is worth remembering that every social change, including those that turned disastrous for the world (e.g., Nazi movement), was originated by a minority. The many reasons behind minorities pursuit of social change could be broadly recognized as seeking social validation, social control, or social acceptance. doi: 10.2307/20159311, Butera, F., Batruch, A., Autin, F., Mugny, G., Quiamzade, A., and Pulfrey, C. (2021). For example, the dynamic social impact model posits the strength, immediacy, and the number of sources of influence as three critical factors (Latan, 1996). Social influence is the perpetual competition that shapes social relations by targeting social attitudes. J. Pers. Prislin, R., Davenport, C., Xu, Y., Moreno, R., and Honeycutt, N. (2018). L. Berkowitz (New York: Academic Press), 149202. 51, 629636. But there also are examples of numerical, non-normative minorities who, while resisting influence from the majority, do not seek social change (e.g., Mennonites in several countries in North and South America). That may be enough to artificially postpone Americas majority minority milestone again and reassure the millions of white Americans who feel threatened by the increasing status and power of todays ethnic minorities. Bull. Int. (2002). Variables which affect the efficacy of minority influence include: Moscovici found that members of a group are more likely to accept the opinion of a minority if the view is expressed with consistency. Over time, as members evaluate a minority view, they may internalize it - adopting it as their own opinion through a process known as conversion. Jung, J., Bramson, A., Crano, W. D., Page, S. E., and Miller, J. H. (2021). M. Mikulincer and P. R. Shaver (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association), 334. WebMAJORITY If the minority can get a few people to defect to their side, then this will often create a snowball effect in which more and more people will change their opinion. F. Butera and J. M. Levine (Cambridge University Press), 333353. A study of minorities as victims. The motives of a minority, as perceived by other individuals, can also affect the influence it is able to exert on the majority. And in subsequent decades, the United States admitted millions of Italians, Jews and other ethnicities, with their foreign languages, religions and complexions. These patterns of socially regulated persuasiveness were documented by coding video-taped sources verbal advocacy (Study 1) and by coding their written advocacy as well as an independent audiences reactions to their written advocacy (Study 2). Yet, maturity appears to come at the expense of vigor. (2009). Minority influence research was sparked by Moscovicis observation about the power of active minorities to instigate social change. ed. Whereas these two motives for exerting social influence fit the classical dual-motive scheme for responding to social influence (Deutsch and Gerard, 1955), the third, social control motive has been largely neglected in the social influence literature. Minority Influence (Psychology Definition) | Practical Psychology Shared reality: Motivated connection and motivated cognition, in Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles. Shared reality: How social verification makes the subjective objective, in Handbook of Motivation and Cognition. (1990). 5 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, Minorities Effect Social Change Over Time, Winning a Competition in Influence Exerted for Various Reasons, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911654, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States. The Changing Racial and Ethnic Composition of the U.S. Electorate (2009). The conflict elaboration theory of social influence, in Understanding Group Behavior: Small Group Processes and Interpersonal Relations. R. Martin and M. Hewstone (New York: Psychology Press), 285312. Emily is in a good mood. Likely responding to the disciplinary cognitive Zeitgeist, Moscovici himself replaced his initial rich theorizing about the social underpinnings of minority influence in a pursuit of social change with a theorizing that emphasized cognitive factors. It involves an individual or minority of a population persuading other members to accept their argument, even if this contradicts the more popular view held by the majority. Their influence raises important questions about the conditions under which minorities will (non) seek social change. doi: 10.1037/a0016169, Prislin, R., Limbert, W. M., and Bauer, E. (2000). ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Conformity OBJ: 9.2D MSC: Remembering 97, 811822. Polyphasic sleep patterns, daytime naps and their impact on performance. (1983). doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1181, Keywords: minority influence, social change, social influence, majority influence, group dynamics, Citation: Prislin R (2022) Minority Influence: An Agenda for Study of Social Change. (1996). Moreover, the informational influence strategy may be combined differently with other strategies (e.g., procedural tools, threats, coalition-building) in service of a particular motive. How ingratiation techniques are used to persuade people. Group Processes. Therefore, the minority is unable to exert a normative influence on other members. Because gains are experienced less intensely than the comparable losses (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979), changes away from the minority position should elicit positive reactions that are weaker than negative reactions to changes away from the majority positions. Vol. Soc. ^Social influence research has traditionally assumed that a motive for social acceptance underlies yielding to social influence (Deutsch and Gerard, 1955), not exerting social influence. Whereas numerous other factors may be proposed, they likely covary with the included factors of time, competitive influence dynamics, and motivation. 117, 497529. (2011). Selection criteria included: participants exposure to a minority dissent with or without an appeal or reasoning for the dissent, which dissent placed the minority at odds with the participants, and report of a measure of influence.
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